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The lack of sustainable water use is a growing concern in Europe. Nowadays, the agricultural sector imposes a high pressure on water resources, especially in Mediterranean countries, where irrigation can represent up to 80% of the consumptive uses of water. Increasing water use efficiency in agriculture has been thus identified as one of the key themes relating to water scarcity and drought. It now becomes necessary to improve on-farm irrigation management by adjusting irrigation to crop water requirements along the growing season.
Modern irrigation agencies rely on in situ root zone soil moisture measurements to detect the onset of crop water stress and to trigger irrigations. However, in situ point measurements are generally not available over extended areas and may not be representative at the field scale.  Remote sensing can potentially provide cost-effective techniques for monitoring broad areas as there are currently no algorithms dedicated to monitor root zone soil moisture at the parcel scale.
REC proposes a solution to the need of root-zone soil moisture at the crop scale for irrigation management. It is based on an innovative operational algorithm that will allow for the first time to:
1) Map root zone soil moisture on a daily basis at the field scale; and
2) Quantitatively evaluate the different components of the water budget at the field scale from readily available remote sensing data.

The methodology relies on the coupling between a surface model representing the water fluxes at the land surface atmosphere interface (infiltration, evaporation, transpiration) and in soil (drainage); and remote sensing data composed of land surface temperature, and near-surface soil moisture retrieved from microwave radiometers and radars. These estimates will be integrated in an irrigation management system that will be used to trigger irrigation. In addition, these estimates will allow making an impact assessment of the consumptive use of water and water footprint.

Periodic Reporting for period 1 - REC (Root zone soil moisture Estimates at the daily and agricultural parcel scales for Crop irrigation management and water use impact – a multi-sensor remote sensing approach) - http://cordis.europa.eu/result/rcn/203540_en.html